ARTICLES ARCHIVE

To identify the pathological interaction of non-psychotic mental disorders (NMD) and personality characteristics of patients with partial loss of vision of traumatic origin 400 patients with documented manifestations of acute stress reaction were screened. Basic personality characteristics as a premorbid background for development of NMD were studied using R.B. Cattell's questionnaire - SIXTEEN PERSONALITY FACTOR QUESTIONNARE (16 PF). The results were grouped according to communicative, emotional, volitional, and intellectual blocks. In patients with NMD the most compromised was emotional volitional sphere, the dominant personality traits were skepticism, self-doubt, spontaneity in behavior, deadaptation, etc. The obtained data allow to identify the targets for future therapeutic work with this group of patients.

To study the factors of psychological distress, manifestations and levels of psychopathology signs the parents of 339 children with malignant and benign tumors were investigated. The study was conducted on the primary and secondary stages of hospitalizations using the questionnaire SCL-90r, Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale, Sunge's method of differential diagnosis, clinical psychological interview. Psychological distress in parents of children with cancer manifested itself in emotional, cognitive and behavioral spheres, in mothers the indicator of its intensity was higher than that in fathers. Stress has a different origin and depends on the malignant process and the method of treatment (conservative or surgical). The revealed gender differences and peculiarities of manifestation of distress require medical and psychological care.

In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with melanocytic skin tumors the patients with dysplastic nevi and melanoma were investigated before and after surgery. The study was conducted using a Russian version of Mini-Malt test for comparative analysis of psychological characteristics of patients with nevi and melanomas and express-diagnosis of psychological status of the patient, Beck Depression Inventory scale, Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale Analysis of the data showed that the majority of patients after surgery reach adaptation, but those who are deprived of an adequate system of psychological compensation, require psychotherapeutic management. The results can be used to develop psychocrrection programs considering personal characteristics, levels of depression and anxiety in complex treatment of patients with melanocytic neoplasms of the skin.

The study of personality traits, emotional state and self-esteem as a necessary approach to the differential treatment was performed in 51 patients with rheumatism and 8 with rheumatoid arthritis. To assess the emotional sphere of the patients the Luchar's test of color selection, determining personality traits - R.B. Cattell's Questionnaire - SIXTEEN PERSONALITY FACTOR QUESTIONNARE (16 PF) were used. The results of the study of the emotional components of interpersonal relationships established a hierarchy of emotional significance of the patients. The profiles of self-esteem of patients with rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis were characterized by fundamentally different trends. The data on the characteristics of the individual, the state of the emotional sphere, the nature of the patient's attitude to the people important to him, the concepts of his illness, self-assessment should be taken into account in psychocorrection work with the patients with rheumatoid pathology.

To study the effect of psychological gender role (PGR) on the relationship between the doctor and the patient. an experimental study of 22 cardiologists and 22 cardiac patients was done. All respondents were male. A questionnaire for determining socio-demographic characteristics, the Sandra Bem's questionnaire (BSRI), interviewing were used. The findings indicate that cardiologists with androgen PGR are satisfied with interaction with patients with inherent androgenic, masculine, famine PGR and less with patients having a pronounced masculine or feminine PGR, the cardiologists with feminine PGR are not satisfied with communication with the patients with marked masculine PGR and doctors with masculine PGR - patients with feminine PGR. Measures are necessary to control the effect of PGR on doctor-patient relationship in order to achieve a therapeutic effect.

A total of 150 patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia with a continuous course type, with were involved in development of a modified technique of clinical psychological study of this group of patients. Psychodiagnostic method was implemented using expressive projective technique, questionnaire "Type of attitude to the disease," N. Titarenko's interview protocol, V. Zhuravlev' narrative interviews. Practical issues of studying disease internal picture history (DIPH) in schizophrenia from the perspective of the concept of autobiographical memory are featured. A modified interview protocol for DIPH investigation in the context of autobiographical memories, which confirmed the presence of formed remission in the patients, led to better compliance, allowed to specify the nature of psychosocial rehabilitation, was suggested and tested.

Destabilizing effect of mental and psychological disorders was investigated in 220 women in an infertile marriage. Severity of depressive symptoms was measured using Hamilton's scale (HDRS). The type of character accentuation was established by G.Shmishek's method, types of education according to A. Lichko. To study spouse communication J. Bienvenu's questionnaire was applied. The findings showed that infertility can cause development of neurotic disorders in women. Character accentuation, personality traits contributed to formation of a clinical type of disorder. A negative role was played by the education received. The established factors causing disturbance of interpersonal communication in women in an infertile marriage and possible failure of IVF should be considered in psychological correction, therapeutic and diagnostic procedures.

The memory disorders were investigated in 65 elderly and old patients without cognitive impairment with subcortical mild cognitive impairment and subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) using Ten-Minute Intermediate Memory Evaluation (TIME). The test consisted of three tasks: memorizing a list of words, semantic, definitions of visual memory. On the stages of SVD formation predominantly voluntary reproduction of verbal semantically unorganized information was disturbed with relative preservation of recognition of verbal patterns and complete- visual memory. This dysmnestic syndrome is an integral component of executive dysfunction syndrome, which reflects the disruption of frontal-subcortical portions of the brain as a result of atrophic process and microvascular lesions. TIME-test is a reliable tool to diagnose the severity and specificity of memory disorders on the stages of SVD development.

The influence of the social and family roles on women self-realization, the features of gender relations in the family in the historical aspect and at present were analyzed. Because in today's society the meaning of adult human socialization consists in finding the ways of self-realization and its implementation, the importance of provision about revision of the roles of men and women to recognize the necessity of gender equality is emphasized. It is possible to explore the issues of self-realization in the study of dynamics, transformation, and prospects of the family institute. The changes in the economic and social status of women in Ukraine led to a shift from the traditional model to egalitarian in forming gender relations in the family. Special importance and relevance of these studies both in the field of theoretical research and in practical life, psychological counseling, psychotherapy in the context of women's self-realization is substantiated.

Psychological characteristics were investigated in 68 patients with neurotic disorders, of them 15 patients with neurasthenia, 29 with somatoform disorder, 29 with anxiety-phobic The methods "Temperament structure" and "Strength, balance, mobility of nervous processes" were used. Common physiological characteristics of patients with neurotic disorders, which were expressed in terms of high rigidity, emotional lability, and passivity were identified. Predominant types of temperament were distinguished in these patients: patients with neurasthenia - phlegmatic, with anxiety-phobic and somatoform vegetative dysfunction sanguine. The obtained data allow development of psychocorrection measures and suggestion of medicinal therapy for these patients.

Pathophysiological factors of suicidal behavior formation were identified in 78 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The study was conducted using the method of the study of character accentuation and neuropsychic instability, values by E. Fantalova, Bass - Dark questionnaire, Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale. Psychological mechanism of suicidal behavior was restored in patients with GAD, the levels of personal and situational anxiety were established, personality traits were identified, the specificity of requirement sphere and forms of aggression expression were determined. The obtained findings can be used as additional differential criteria for diagnosis of suicidal behavior in patients with GAD.

The quality of life and psychoemotional characteristics were defined in 28 patients one year after valve-preserving surgery. The psychodiagnostic study was conducted using Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and 36 Item Short Form Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The findings of echocardiography showed pronounced positive trend after the operation, medium and high quality of life, one third of patients had increased levels of anxiety and the signs of depression. This suggests the importance of timely diagnosis of emotional and behavioral disorders in surgical patients before and after surgery to improve their quality of life. Medical and psychological care remain important for cardiac patients at all stages of treatment.

The study of premorbid characteristics of 104 patients who undergone mastectomy for breast cancer was intended to define their subsequent psychological correction. G. Shmishek's scale of character accentuation was used. The results showed that the majority of women have marked character accentuation after mastectomy, which is associated with aggravation of the situation in the personal characteristics of massive stress. Dysthymia, anxious timidity, emotiveness, demonstrativeness were common for all investigated patients. The most adapted after mastectomy were the patients with emotive character accentuation. Premorbid features include introversive accumulation of negative emotions, which, in turn, is associated with pathogenic effect on the soma. This necessitates development and implementation of corrective treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation for these patients.

The influence of psychological relapse-dangerous clinical situations (RDCS) on stability of remission was investigated in 128 patients with alcohol addiction. The patients were examined in three stages: formation, stabilization of remission and established remission. The study performed using the original Scales of express-diagnosis of RDCS showed that lack of compliance, stigmatization of the patients contributed remission failure. Appearance of such RDCS as anosognia, boredom, interest in alcohol, sexual problems, which are the indicators of alcohol addiction requires urgent of anti-relapse intervention. An important factor in stabilization of remission and condition for the further development of the individual is socially important needs (hobbies). The findings of the research will allow development of recommendations to improve the treatment of these patients.

Comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of drug sensitization (Disulfiram, Cianamid) at the stage of anti-relapse treatment of patients with alcohol addiction with clinically transformed therapy-resistant varieties of the disease was done. To identify the disorders related to alcohol use, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Timeline Follow Back method, Alcohol Dependence Scale and the CIWA-Ar were used. Three comparison groups of 60 patients each were formed: in the first, along with rational therapy BRENDA the patients were treated with Disulfiram, in the second they took Ciamid, in the third only BRENDA. The external and internal design of the study, analysis of the overall medical history and clinical data allowed to guarantee the accuracy of the material in the comparison groups, including piloting of sensitizing drugs.

Targeted study of physical and mental health of retired military personnel with alcohol addiction was done. 80 case histories of former military personnel and civilians were analyzed. As a result, the comparative analysis showed that at the time of hospitalization more severe psychiatric disorders were present in the military personnel. The patients with accelerated respiratory rate and elevated blood pressure prevailed in this group, which may indicate a pathological process and manifestations of intoxication. The retired military personnel and civilians had a lot of differences that affected both the course of alcoholization, and the condition of the patient , which should be considered when choosing treatment strategy of this population.

To develop a program of psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with addiction to psychostimulants and opioids, medical and psychological investigation of the features of emotional sphere was performed in 133 patients. Spielberger - Hanin method of determining the level of anxiety, Leonhard - Shmishek types of accentuation were used. Psychodiagnostic study was conducted in three phases: before and after the rehabilitation of patients after a period of follow-up. The results showed that patients with psychoactive substance addiction were characterized by pathological personality structure with the most prominent feature, the weakness of willpower, which leads to its deadaptation. This suggests the possibility of the participation of both categories of patients in long-term rehabilitation program, based on the principles of ascetic-deprivation model: austerity, social stratification, multi-modal activity, setting, and staging.

Experimental psychological examination of 120 women with chronic alcoholism was performed. To determine the character accentuation Leonhard - Shmishek technique, models of masculinity and femininity, A.B. Helbrum's ACL-scale were used. The authors confined a continuum-alternative model assuming the presence in one person both masculine and feminine features, which are subject to the law: the more pronounced the first, the less the second, i.e., masculinity and femininity add up to some constant. The dependence of sex-role behavior disorders in patients with chronic alcoholism on the on the type of character accentuated was established. Variability manifested either by the presence of internal conflict caused by mismatch between the trends in behavior of biogenic and sociogenic levels, or in their mutual gain.

The features of e self-perception of 100 male patients with chronic alcoholism were investigated. To determine the level of self-esteem, personal differential test, the calculation of the data of which was conducted in three areas: assessment, strength, activity, was used. The study was performed in two stages, first by the concept "I am perfect", then by the concept of "I am in a state of alcoholism". Its findings showed a decrease in self-esteem of the respondents in all directions, which caused medical and psychological problems, one of the factors in the development of alcohol addiction. The fact of alcoholism is a trigger of self-esteem elevation in males. Therefore, at preparation of a comprehensive program of psychological treatment of alcohol addiction in men, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of their self-perception and include the measures that will enhance self-esteem of these patients.

Variability of clinical manifestations was investigated at sexual relationship disorder (SRD), caused by mismatch of psychosexual orientation of the partners. The study involved 26 women, most of whom were bisexual, some of them were homosexual. All of their male sexual partners were heterosexual. To clarify the causes of sexual health disorders in the couple, system-structural analysis of school by prof. V. Krishtal was used. Two variants of SRD were defined: the presence in the couple of a bisexual woman and a heterosexual man, a heterosexual woman and a homosexual man. The first one occurred 4.2 times more often. The severity of disorders of sexual health was greatest in the couples with a bisexual woman. These data can be used during special therapeutic and rehabilitation measures in patients with SRD.

A total of 54 couples in which the husband was ill with epilepsy was investigated. The causes and the peculiarities of sexual disharmony course in such families wren defined on the basis of a systematic structural analysis of the sexual health of the spouses. Severity of the components of disharmony was established in the men and their wives. Epilepsy contributes to sexual disorders in men and provoked development of spouse disharmony. It is based on a complex etiopathogenesis, including biological, psychological, social and psychological phenomena. The findings of the research of the personality peculiarities confirm their important role in development of sexual disharmony. The combination of unfavorable personality traits in a married couple can become a disharmonious factor in the relationship and / or deepen development of sexual deadaptation.